In South America, the territories of the 185 IPACIs identified to date in 08 countries of the continent cover a vast geographic extension of tropical forests of priority interest for the conservation of the Amazon, Cerrado and Gran Chaco biomes. The session will argue: (1) that the rights of PIACI be respected in environmental commitments; (2) that urgent protection measures be implemented under the "no contact" principle for the forests and territories inhabited by PIACI; (3) to make visible the growing challenges faced by the defenders of PIACI. The session will be organized in two phases: (1) presentation of cases by a panel of indigenous leaders and experts, (2) discussion and conclusions.